{"id":323,"date":"2010-01-09T15:52:00","date_gmt":"2010-01-09T15:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/?p=323"},"modified":"2010-01-09T15:52:00","modified_gmt":"2010-01-09T15:52:00","slug":"cartea-foametei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/?p=323","title":{"rendered":"Cartea foametei"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/_B_fgq7a2Q_0\/S0imWJWADdI\/AAAAAAAAEmE\/ldpIV339B0M\/s1600-h\/321.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/_B_fgq7a2Q_0\/S0imWJWADdI\/AAAAAAAAEmE\/ldpIV339B0M\/s400\/321.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\"><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_B_fgq7a2Q_0\/S0imSzSmt5I\/AAAAAAAAEl8\/9KcCutPISRE\/s1600-h\/322.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_B_fgq7a2Q_0\/S0imSzSmt5I\/AAAAAAAAEl8\/9KcCutPISRE\/s400\/322.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\"><\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_B_fgq7a2Q_0\/S0imPhfYMVI\/AAAAAAAAEl0\/tiT64Hi3SJ0\/s1600-h\/323.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_B_fgq7a2Q_0\/S0imPhfYMVI\/AAAAAAAAEl0\/tiT64Hi3SJ0\/s400\/323.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Prima dat\u0103 am auzit despre foametea din 1946-1947 c\u00eend eram de vreo c\u00ee\u0163iva ani. Tata \u00eemi povestise atunci \u00een treac\u0103t prin ce trecuse la v\u00eersta de 10 ani. Nu se mai g\u0103sea nimic de m\u00eencare \u00een Moldova \u015fi oamenii \u00eencepuser\u0103 s\u0103 migreze \u00een c\u0103utare de hran\u0103. Asta se \u00eent\u00eempla \u00een zona Vrancei. Erau 4 b\u0103ie\u0163i, tata cel mai mare, \u015fi soarta lor era \u00een mare primejdie. \u00cen `46 fusese o secet\u0103 teribil\u0103 \u015fi nu se f\u0103cuse nimic pe c\u00eemp \u00een zon\u0103. Bunica a plecat atunci cu un tren marfar \u00een Oltenia, la str\u00eens gr\u00eeu \u201epe urm\u0103\u201d, adic\u0103 boabe r\u0103zle\u0163e, r\u0103mase de la secerat. Ajunsese \u00eenapoi cu jumate de sac, gr\u00eeu care le-a salvat apoi vie\u0163ile. C\u00eend ascultam pove\u015ftile astea teribile, \u00een copil\u0103rie, nu \u00een\u0163elegeam foarte bine ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103-\u0163i fie foame. Tr\u0103iam, e adev\u0103rat, cu cartele de p\u00eeine, zah\u0103r, ulei, m\u00eencam br\u00eenz\u0103 cu ceai \u015fi p\u00eeine cu unt \u015fi gem, dar m\u0103car aveam cu ce-mi umple stomacul. Mai t\u00eerziu, tot \u00eenainte de `89 fratele meu f\u0103cea \u201efoamea\u201d \u00een c\u0103minele studen\u0163e\u015fti din Ia\u015fi. Era politehnist, m\u00eenca bulion pe p\u00eeine \u015fi, odat\u0103 la c\u00eeteva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00eeni, \u201ebunat\u0103\u0163i\u201d trimise de acas\u0103. Au trecut anii \u00eencet, \u00eencet, \u015fi memoria a \u00eengropat undeva \u00een ad\u00eencuri senza\u0163ia de foame. Senza\u0163ie care, dac\u0103 judec acum obiectiv, nici n-am cunoscut-o cu adev\u0103rat. C\u0103ci dup\u0103 ce-am citit <span>Cartea foametei<\/span> am \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00een\u0163eleg cu adev\u0103rat sensul cuv\u00eentului \u201efoame\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Larisa Turea, jurnalist\u0103 \u015fi critic de art\u0103 din Moldova de peste Prut, a reu\u015fit s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 un teribil volum de m\u0103rturii despre foametea din Moldova \u201eruseasc\u0103\u201d din aceea\u015fi perioad\u0103, anii `46-`47. Cartea este rezultatul unui efort de 15 ani de a aduna m\u0103rturiile pu\u0163inilor supravie\u0163uitori ai unui fenomen de exterminare \u00een mas\u0103 a populatiei rom\u00e2ne\u015fti din provincia pe care Rusia ne-a luat-o \u00een timpul celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial. \u00cenfometarea era, \u00een Rusia, arma cea mai puternic\u0103 de subjugare \u015fi control a oamenilor. Fusese pus\u0103 \u00een practic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din 1922 de bol\u015fevici, \u00een zona Volga-Urali, atunci c\u00eend o bun\u0103 parte din popula\u0163ia rural\u0103 fusese decimat\u0103 de o foamete \u00eengrozitoare. Metoda era simpl\u0103: \u0163\u0103ranilor li se luau progresiv toate produsele agricole. Foametea se instala \u00eencetul cu \u00eencetul. Oamenii \u00eencepeau s\u0103 se \u00eemboln\u0103veasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 moar\u0103. Al\u0163ii fugeau c\u0103tre locuri mai \u201ebune\u201d. \u015eirul dramelor era nesf\u00eer\u015fit, \u00een num\u0103r de milioane. A urmat apoi, \u00een 1932-1933, o alt\u0103 mare foamete, \u00een Ucraina. Noua republic\u0103 era ostil\u0103 politicii Moscovei de \u00eenfiin\u0163are a colhozurilor. Ucrainienii erau na\u0163ionali\u015fti convin\u015fi \u015fi greu de supus. Stalin i-a \u00eengenunchiat imediat prin aceea\u015fi metod\u0103 infailibil\u0103. Au murit de foame \u00een nici doi ani \u00een jur de 7 milioane de oameni. E un num\u0103r pe care nici o minte omeneasc\u0103 normal\u0103 nu-l poate cuprinde. Mor\u0163i lente, triste, chinuitoare, anonime.<\/p>\n<p>Au urmat apoi moldovenii de peste Prut. Nici ei nu iubeau colhozurile \u015fi nici pe ru\u015fi. Li s-au impus cote de cereale aberante de dat la stat, cote care practic \u00eensemnau cam tot ce produceau \u00eentr-un an. Podurile caselor erau m\u0103turate, la propriu, de agen\u0163ii statului care trebuiau s\u0103 str\u00eeng\u0103 ultimul bob de gr\u00eeu. Erau perchezi\u0163ionate toate ascunzi\u015furile: sobe, hornuri, c\u0103m\u0103ri. Oamenii erau stimula\u0163i s\u0103 se p\u00eerasc\u0103 \u00eentre ei. Copiii erau ademeni\u0163i cu o bomboan\u0103 ca s\u0103 spun\u0103 unde ascunde tata gr\u00eeul. \u00cencetul cu \u00eencepul neomenia a pus st\u0103p\u00eenire pe vie\u0163i: oamenii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00eence tot ce se putea imagina, scoar\u0163\u0103 de copac, ierburi, turte de p\u0103m\u00eent, rumegu\u015f, c\u00eeini, pisici, vr\u0103bii, orice. Peste satele rom\u00e2ne\u015fti se a\u015fternuse lini\u015ftea. Oamenii se uscau \u015fi mureau \u00een t\u0103cere. Uli\u0163ele erau pline de mor\u0163i, pe l\u00eeng\u0103 toate gardurile. Cadavrele erau \u00eengropate \u00een gropi comune, f\u0103r\u0103 pomeni, f\u0103r\u0103 slujbe, f\u0103r\u0103 nimic. Cine avea o vac\u0103 o \u0163inea \u00een cas\u0103 de frica ho\u0163ilor care erau \u00een stare s\u0103 omoare ca s\u0103 fure o astfel de \u201eavere\u201d. Degradarea ajunsese apocaliptic\u0103: p\u0103rin\u0163ii \u00ee\u015fi sacrificau unul dintre copii pentru a-l da de m\u00eencare celorlal\u0163i muribunzi din familie. Omul ajunsese neom. Comuni\u015ftii \u00eenvinseser\u0103. Nu mai exista for\u0163\u0103 pentru revolt\u0103, pentru indignare, pentru a striga m\u0103car. Oamenii doar mureau \u00eencet. \u00cenfometarea era cea mai puternic\u0103 arm\u0103 de control social folosit\u0103 de Stalin.<\/p>\n<p><span>Cartea foametei<\/span> se cite\u015fte cu lacrimi \u00een ochi. S\u00eent \u00een ea m\u0103rturiile a 50 de oameni, provenind din diverse medii sociale, to\u0163i supravie\u0163uitori ai foametei care \u00een Moldova a secerat peste 250000 de oameni. Pove\u015ftile din aceast\u0103 carte nu pot fi descrise nicicum. Oamenii vorbesc uneori cu greu despre ce-au \u00eendurat atunci. Mul\u0163i \u015fi-au pierdut la vremea respectiv\u0103 mai toate rudele. S\u00eent amintiri care, dezgropate, provoac\u0103 mai mult\u0103 suferin\u0163\u0103 dec\u00eet atunci c\u00eend au fost tr\u0103ite. Apocalipsa n-a ar\u0103tat niciodat\u0103 mai real ca \u00een cartea aceasta. Larisa Turea spune c\u0103 nici ast\u0103zi, \u00een Modova, foametea din 1946-47 nu e recunoscut\u0103 oficial. Manualele de istorie vorbesc despre secet\u0103 \u015fi despre jugul rom\u00e2no-fascist ca \u015fi cauze ale miilor de mor\u0163i din acei ani. Ca \u015fi cum rom\u00e2nii colectau cu frenezie sutele de mii de tone de gr\u00eeu care luau drumul Rusiei, \u00eentr-o provincie care nu le mai apar\u0163inea.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eAtunci mi-am dat seama c\u00eet e de umilitoare foamea \u015fi c\u00eet e de u\u015for s\u0103 conduci un popor pe care \u00eel \u0163ii la buc\u0103\u0163ica de p\u00eeine. Nici nu trebuie s\u0103 te ostene\u015fti s\u0103-l conduci, fiindc\u0103 el \u00eensu\u015fi se supune. M\u0103car mirosul de p\u00eeine s\u0103-l simt\u0103, mai mult n-are nevoie de nimic \u2013 nu-i arde nici de politic\u0103, nici de drepturi, nici de distrac\u0163ii \u2013 de nimica-n lume. Poate din cauza asta poporul nostru este at\u00eet de speriat: p\u00eeine \u015fi pace, p\u00eeine \u015fi pace, \u00eei bucuros c\u0103 le are \u015fi nu-i trebuie mai mult&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201eMai era pe timpul \u0103sta, \u0163in minte, o mare fric\u0103. Ca s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eenchipui\u0163i p\u00een\u0103 unde a ajuns frica \u2013 ce \u00een\u0163elegeam noi, copiii!- dac\u0103 luam o bucat\u0103 de h\u00eertie ca sa ne ducem \u00een r\u00eep\u0103, o studiam foarte minu\u0163ios, o citeam de la coad\u0103 la cap \u015fi invers \u2013 nu cumva s\u0103 fie cuv\u00eentul Stalin \u2013 s\u0103 nu nimerim din cauza asta \u00een Siberia, c\u0103ci asta se interpreta ca un act politic. Doamne fere\u015fte s\u0103 se fi \u00eent\u00eemplat \u015fi vreo fotografie. Deci, al\u0103turi de foame, \u00eenc\u0103 o mare fric\u0103 \u2013 frica ideologica\u201d. (Ion Mija, Pohoarne, Flore\u015fti).<\/p>\n<p>Cartea foametei se g\u0103se\u015fte <a href=\"http:\/\/www.curteaveche.ro\/index.php?module=Pagesetter&#038;func=viewpub&#038;tid=3&#038;pid=671\">aici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Un interviu extraordinar cu autoarea c\u0103r\u0163ii se afl\u0103 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.observatorcultural.ro\/De-mai-sint-de-nu-mai-sint-de-ma-fac-negru-pamint.-Interviu-cu-Larisa-TUREA-autoarea-volumului-Cartea-foametei*articleID_19753-articles_details.html\">aici<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prima dat\u0103 am auzit despre foametea din 1946-1947 c\u00eend eram de vreo c\u00ee\u0163iva ani. Tata \u00eemi povestise atunci \u00een treac\u0103t prin ce trecuse la v\u00eersta de 10 ani. Nu se mai g\u0103sea nimic de m\u00eencare \u00een Moldova \u015fi oamenii \u00eencepuser\u0103 s\u0103 migreze \u00een c\u0103utare de hran\u0103. Asta se \u00eent\u00eempla \u00een zona Vrancei. Erau 4 b\u0103ie\u0163i, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=323"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/eugenandronic.ro\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}